【People's Education Press】Middle School Geography Grade 8, Part 1: A Multicultural Homeland

The Chinese Nation: A United Family of Diversity

China is a unified multi-ethnic state, forming a pattern centered on the Han ethnic group with all 56 ethnic groups contributing to“diverse yet united”a cohesive structure. Regardless of population size, all ethnic groups enjoy equal legal status and are safeguarded throughthe system of ethnic regional autonomyto ensure the legitimate rights and interests of ethnic minorities.

Logic of Geographic Distribution

Large-scale intermingling, small-scale clustering, and overlapping habitation: The Han population is spread throughout the country, while ethnic minorities are primarily located in the southwest, northwest, and northeast regions. This distribution facilitates resource complementarity and cultural integration among ethnic groups.
Cultural Diversity: Ethnic languages (such as Tibetan and Zhuang) and intangible cultural heritage (such as Uyghur Muqam art) together form the splendid civilization of China.

Visual Evidence: Ethnic Equality on RMB Banknotes

Observe the back of the RMB banknote, which featuresMongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, and Zhuangfour ethnic minority scripts. This is not only a symbol of a sovereign nation but also directly reflects the equal status of languages and scripts across China’s ethnic groups, enabling their joint participation in national political and economic life.

Intangible Cultural Heritage List

China has numerous entries on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List, such as Mongolian throat singing, Dong folk choral music, and the Tibetan epic 'King Gesar.' These represent cultural achievements rooted in harmony between humans and nature.

QUESTION 1

The overall feature of China's ethnic distribution is:

The Han people are concentrated in the west, while ethnic minorities are concentrated in the east

Large-scale intermingling, small-scale clustering, and overlapping habitation

All ethnic groups are evenly distributed nationwide

Ethnic minorities are entirely concentrated in border areas

QUESTION 2

Based on the content of Figure 1.18, which of the following matches correctly?

a - Mongolian - Naadam Festival

b - Tibetan - Shoton Festival

d - Han - Water-Splashing Festival

QUESTION 3

In which regions are China's ethnic minority populations primarily located?

Northeast, North China, East China

Southeast, South China, Southwest

Southwest, Northwest, Northeast

QUESTION 4

The inclusion of Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, and Zhuang scripts on the back of RMB banknotes demonstrates:

China is a multilingual and multi-script nation, with equal status for all ethnic groups

These scripts are merely decorative and have no practical significance

Only these four ethnic minorities have their own writing systems

QUESTION 5

The provincial-level administrative region with the most ethnic groups in China is:

Tibet Autonomous Region

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Yunnan Province